converse



No. 625,491. mama May 23, I899. a n. couvsnss.

BIVET.

(Apgliution filed July 80, 18981.),

' (No Model.)

@9 5 e a J a. a e

- i I Jill!!! z llll l d d j d .a a'

WlTNESSES: INVENTOR i fz 6 w,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MASOHIL D. CONVERSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

RIVET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 110,625,491, dated May 23,1899. Application filed July 30, 1898. Serial No. 687,275. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MASCHIL D. CONVERSE, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Rivets, of which the following isa specification.

My present invention relates more especially to self-settinghardened-steel or other hard-metal rivets, pins, and studs to be fixedin ductile, wrought, or malleable cast metal without the use of swagingtools or dies.

It is frequently desirable that the head ends of rivets, pins, or studsor analogous members should not project beyond the external surfaces ofthe parts attached and that the same be of hardened metalas, forexample, in drive-chains, where the center portions of the rivets orpins serve as pivots for the block or intermediate links, which also areusually of hard metal. In some instances it is also desirable that theheads of rivets or studs should not appear in the external surface ofthe parts attached in order that their location may be concealed-as, forexample, in lockcases-while in drive-chain manufacture and constructiona hardened self-setting rivet or pin that needs not to have its headproject beyond the lateral exterior of the side links and that can beset Without disturbance or indentation thereof not only is desirable asoffering less surface roughness or unevenness for the catching of gritwhen the chain is in service, but because of the greater facility withwhich such a rivet may be set by automatic machinery.

Hard-metal rivets having circumferential grooves or depressions near theends for the reception of the softer metal of parts to be bound havebeen made with beveled margins incident to said grooves or depressions,forming the walls thereof whollywithin zones compassed by the circle ofthe rivet-heads. Examples of this type are shown by Letters Patent ofthe United States issued to me, No. et60,952, and by Letters Patent ofthe United States No. 505,296, and by British patent to Boult, No.21,656, 1895. Such rivets are in all cases set, or, more properly, havethe parts to be bound affixed to them by the medium of special swagingtools or dies applied upon the soft metal of the parts bound, in closeprox- Patent No. 505,296 and in said British Patent No. 21,656, 1895)the soft metal of the attached parts upon the outermost sides of thesame, while the sides thereof next the body of the rivet are variouslyprevented from disturbance during the swaging operation. In drive-chainmanufacture it has been found that these swaging tools or dies are withdifliculty maintained, owing to liability to breakage, especially whenoperated by automatic machinery, and, furthermore, require a verycomplex form of automatic machine for their proper operation, entailingfurther annoyance and expense for repairs. The purposes of my presentinvention are to overcome these difficulties and attain the advantagesenumerated in a simple, convenient, and effective manner and to providea construction for a rivet, pin, or stud and for analogous articlesadapted to be self-setting without the employment of swaging tools ordies and also to insure simplicity and accuracy in the application ofthe rivet and to cheapen the cost of production and application.

My present invention comprises,essentially, a hardened rivet providedwith outstanding shoulders upon its body portion, located in a zoneoutside of or beyond the circle of the heads of the reduced ends of therivet adjacent to the beveled walls of circumferential grooves ordepressions in the reduced ends thereof, said outstanding shouldersbeing so constructed and adapted that when the reduced ends of the rivetare entered in suitably-dimensioned holes in the parts to be bound orattached and pressure is externally applied-as, for example, by theapplication of the fiat opposing jaw-faces of a common parallel viseonthe latter in the direction of the axial line of the rivet the softermetal of said parts on the inner sides thereof next the body of therivet at the edges of the inner ends of the holes will by the abuttingcontact of said outstanding shoulders be turned and caused by saidoutstanding shoulders of the rivet acting as swages or dies to flow intoand completely and compactly fill the said grooves in the necks of therivet and firmly bind the same; and, further, it consists in means forconcealing the rivet ends and in other devices hereinafter disclosed.These devices, means, and methods will hereinafter be fully describedand claimed.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation, partly sectional, showingthe peculiar constructionand the relation of the parts of my improvedrivet and illustrating the method of setting and the operation of thesame. Figs. 2 and 3 are side elevations, both partly sectional, showingmodifications of my invention; and Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partlysectional, showing how by the use of my improved self-setting rivet theheads thereof may be concealed in the attached parts, all of which willhereinafter be more fully described in detail.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the severalfigures.

A is the body portion of the rivet, a and a are the reduced endsthereof, and b and b arecircumferential grooves or depressions at thebase of these reduced ends, adjacent to which are provided outstandinglandings or shoulders c and c, the slope of which latter must lie in azone outside of the circle of said reduced ends and preferably have aflat angle of something more than forty-five degrees (45) to the axialline of the respective reduced ends of the rivet, and ddd dare smoothcylindrical surfaces on the roduced ends of the rivet extending from theextremeends thereof back to the grooves Z) and Z), the functions ofwhich will respectively hereinafter appear.

B and B" are side links, parts to be bound, pierced right-angularly bystraight holes 6 c entirely through in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 and partiallythrough in Fig. 4 for the reception of the rivet ends.

The corresponding parts in all figures are similar, except that in themodification shown by Fig. 2 the grooves b and b are V-shaped at theirbottoms, and in Fig. 3 the peripheral edges of the outstanding slopingshoulders c and c are raised so that they are slightly undercut, and inFig. 4 the holes e e do not entirely pierce the attached parts B and B,the rivet ends here being correspondingly shortened.

The preferred form for the grooves 17 and b is shown by Figs. 1, 3, and4, where their bottoms are rounded, and the same figures show thepreferred construction for the shoulders c and c, where they slopeslightly away from the margins of the beveled walls of said grooves, thesharp angle in the V of the grooves in Fig. 2 being less desirable asmakin g an emphasized point of breakage.

The operation of my invention and mode of application thereof are asfollows: The rivet and parts to be bound thereby having been constructedsubstantially as shown, the former of a hard metal and the latter of asofter, the ends of the rivet are entered in the holes therefor in thelatter (as illustrated by the lower half of each figure) and suitablepressure, as by a vise, a pair of rolls, or by a square-on stroke from aflat-faced hammer, is brought to bear simultaneously upon the exteriorsidest'. 6., from above and below in each of the figures of the links Band B in the direction of the axial line of the rivet, as indicated bythe arrows, which forces the soft-metal parts B and B to a contact, atthe margins of the inner ends of the holes therein, with the harderoutstanding sloping shoulders c and c, causing the metal of the parts Band B at this point of contact by the swaging ae= tion solely of theseoutstanding shoulders of the rivet itself to be depressed and flowedfrom the zone outside the plane of the reduced ends of the rivetconvergingly into and to completely and compactly fill the grooves b andb, as shown by the upper half of each figure. The lower half of eachfigure shows the relations of the form of the rivets and links--parts tobe bound-before this setting operation has been performed.

It will be seen that the smooth cylindrical surfaces cl (1 d cl alongthe reduced ends of the rivet provide ample area of guiding-contactwithin the holes e e, (which they should fit snugly,) without whichdevice the parts B and B would be likely to get out of true po sitionduring the compression incident to the setting or riveting operationdescribed.

It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that there canbe no failure in the flowing and upsetting of the metal at the describedpoints of the parts B and B, so as to firmly grip and completely fillsuitably-dimensioned grooves 12 and b in the rivet, provided the leadingfeature or element of my invention, to wit: suitably-sloped landings orshoulders, c and c, are constructed upon the body portion of the rivetand provided they are located in a zone outside the circle of thereduced ends thereof, even though the pres* sure or compression andmovement of the parts B and B are at right angles to the generaldirection of this flow of the metal, for the reason that the convergingflow of the metal of relatively large Volume meets a decreasing andrelatively small space in the grooves, upsets upon itself, andconsequently is projected centripetally, overtaking promptly all theconfines of said grooves or depressions.

It will be seen that by stopping oif the extremities of the rivet,making-the distance therefrom, respectively, to the extreme peripherallevel of the edge of the outstanding shoulders c and c of Figs. 1 and 2or to the level of the lowermost point in the slope of the undercutshoulders in Fig. 3 equal to the thickness of the links B and B, therivet ends will be flush with the outer surfaces of said links afterthey are set, and that the ends of the rivet, furthermore, will serve asstops against the face of a hammer, rolls, jaws of a vise, or otherplane surface applied during the riveting operation, or against theintervening bottom of the holes in case of concealed riveting. (Shown inFig. 4:.) In this latter form, however, the length from said describedpoints on the slope of the outstanding shoulders to the rivet ends ismade equal to the depth of the holes for the latter. Therefore exactuniformity of finish-for example, in transverse width over all indrive-chainsis secured without employment of auxiliary means.

For convenience I have shown the application of my invention todrive-chain construction; but I do not limit myself to this, since it isapparent that it is adapted to be advantageously employed in many andvaried structures; nor do I wish to limit myself to the use of thedescribed relative length of the rivet ends and thickness of ductileparts, since it is apparent that these might be so proportioned thatwhen the rivet is set the rivet ends would protrude beyond the exteriorof the latter without in the least interfering with or departing fromthe spirit of the leading features of my invention.

It will also be clearly understood that studs or similar members havingmy invention embodied in their construction may be set by theapplication of pressure directly upon one end of the same in thedirection of its axial line.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. A self-setting hard-metal rivet having reduced ends, circumferentialsuitably-dimensioned grooves at the base of its reduced ends,outstanding shoulders located in a zone outside the circle of saidreduced ends and slopinginto said grooves, in combination with ductileparts of less, like or greater thickness than the length of the reducedrivet ends but materially greater than the transverse dimensions of saidgrooves and pierced by suitable holes for the reception of said rivetends, the whole constructed and proportioned to oper ate substantiallyas and for the purposes shown and described.

2. A self-setting hard-metal rivet having reduced ends, circumferentialsuitably-dimensioned grooves at the base of its reduced ends,outstanding shoulders located in a zone outside the circle of saidreduced ends and sloping into said grooves, and cylindrical surfaces onsaid reduced ends, in combination with ductile parts of less, like orgreater thickness than the length of the reduced rivet ends butmaterially greater than the transverse dimensions of said grooves andpierced by suitable holes for the reception of said rivet ends,

the whole constructed and proportioned to

